Feature engineering involves systematically transforming raw data into meaningful and informative features (predictors). It is an indispensable process in machine learning and data science. This ...

a.The architecture of the all-optical CNN for OAM-mediated machine learning, which can be applied to encode a data-specific image into OAM states. The photonic neural network comprises a trainable ...

More aggressive feature scaling and increasingly complex transistor structures are driving a steady increase in process complexity, increasing the risk that a specified pattern may not be ...