Germinal centers are high-speed evolution machines. Tiny clusters in the lymph nodes, germinal centers refine antibodies through mutation and expansion until they produce high-affinity B cells adapted ...

A collaborative study published in Immunity from the Batista Lab and Liu Lab at the Ragon Institute, together with the Schief Lab at Scripps Research Institute, has uncovered a previously unrecognized ...

Immune cells called B cells make antibodies that fight off invading bacteria, viruses and other foreign substances. During their preparation for this battle, B cells transiently revert to a more ...

Researchers at the Ragon Institute and Scripps Research Institute have discovered that antibodies produced during immune responses act as a "brake" on B cell selection, preventing over-optimization ...

mRNA vaccines, such as those used against COVID-19, are effective at generating antibody responses. These antibodies are produced through specialized immune structures called germinal centers, but ...