While a retcon introduced by DBZ, there are multiple moments in the original Dragon Ball where Goku gets stronger thanks to Zenkai Boosts.
Only a few transformations in Dragon Ball Super are stronger than Legendary Super Saiyan, and even then, just barely.
Dragon Ball Daima revealed that Vegeta had indeed also unlock the Super Saiyan 3 form rather than seemingly skipping over it as teased by the future events seen in Dragon Ball Super, and this form ...