The diagram illustrates the key stages of protein synthesis in a eukaryotic cell. It begins with transcription to produce pre-mRNA in the nucleus (1), followed by post-transcriptional modification (2) ...

The discovery of ribosomes dates back to the 1950s, when George Palade first observed dense particles in the cytoplasm of cells using electron microscopy. These particles were later named "ribosomes" ...

A series of structures of the eukaryotic protein-synthesis machinery are imaged at high resolution in defined states of the elongation phase of protein synthesis. Analysis suggests that there are ...