Ecological theory and observational evidence suggest that symbiotic interactions such as cleaning symbioses can shift from mutualism to parasitism. However, field experimental evidence documenting ...

Paleozoic marine ecosystems were marked by a diverse array of symbiotic interactions that have left a lasting imprint on the evolutionary history of life. These associations, ranging from mutualistic ...

Coevolution, which occurs when species interact and adapt to each other, is often studied in the context of pair-wise interactions between mutually beneficial symbiotic partners. But many species have ...

The costs and benefits of symbiotic interactions may vary with host and symbiont ontogeny. Effects of symbionts at different stages of host development or on different host demographic rates do not ...

Nature is full of surprises, but nothing is more mind-blowing than how some animals form life-saving partnerships to thrive together. This is called mutualism, and it's often anything but ordinary. In ...

Susceptibility of their microbial partners to the herbicide may be an underestimated weak spot of insects that could add to their decline. Saw-toothed grain beetles live in a symbiotic association ...

Fifty-one years ago Carole King released her album “Tapestry.” The album won the 29-year-old aspiring songwriter four Grammy Awards including Best Song of the Year for “You’ve Got a Friend.” She was ...

Other than all being carbon-based life forms on the third planet from the sun, 23 birds, 13 snakes, eight mammals and one turtle all share one thing in common here in Colorado: They all eat mice.

I’ve always loved the concept of symbiosis as a beneficial relationship between two organisms. That is the example we use in our fourth grade winter adaptation program with the Clark’s nutcracker and ...

Webs of mutualistic species often expand as new species are introduced. Here a female Anna’s hummingbird visits a Mexican bush sage in a California garden. (Photo by John Thompson) Coevolution, which ...