Hyperrelexic, overactive or spastic bladder or bowels occur with spinal cord injury at or above T12. The primary characteristic of this type of injury is increased organ spasms. The UMN bladder may ...

Nerve cells, or neurons, are the basic functional units of the nervous system ... A motor neuron’s cell body is also often located either in the spinal cord or the brainstem with projections that ...

Neurons are cells in the body that are responsible for transmitting electrical signals through the nervous system ... The three neuron types (sensory, motor, interneuron) are separated into ...

Overactive reflexes are associated with upper motor neuron lesions, which are damaged areas of the neural pathway between the cortex and corticospinal tract. However, the condition may also be ...

A reflex action follows this general sequence and does not involve the conscious part of the brain. This is why the response is so fast. Receptor in the skin detects a stimulus (the change in ...