The traffic assignment problem (TAP) with elastic demands can be formulated as an optimization problem, the objective of which is the sum of a congestion function and a disutility function. We propose ...

In our model, individuals are autopolyploid with either four (Y 4) or six (Y 6) sets of chromosomes (that is, 2n=4x=tetraploid; 2n=6x=hexaploid), but all populations must have the same ploidy level ...

This paper describes a simple calculation for the assignment and transportation problems which is "dual to" the well-known Hungarian Method. While the Hungarian is a dual method, this method is primal ...