Most studies involving patients with hypovolemic shock used a single 250-mL bolus dose of 7.5% hypertonic saline, with or without dextran.

Only two subjects exhibited plasma 25 (OH)D concentrations >30 ng/ml. At 5 days, subjects randomized to vitamin D3 had a higher mean plasma 25 (OH)D concentration compared with the placebo group ...

For life threatening cardiac arrhythmia, the administration of drugs should be by the intravenous route. Drugs delivered through a peripheral vein should always be followed by a 20 ml bolus of saline ...