Most circuits that require current loss detection use expensive isolation amplifiers. This circuit solves that problem with a simple and low-cost method to detect current loss of 4-20 mA. To view the ...

When working around mains voltages, it can be useful to know whether a given circuit is live or not. While this can be done by direct connection with a multimeter, non-contact methods are available ...

A bi-directional current source for a grounded load will always have some complication in its construction. The improved Howland Current Pump as shown in Figure 1 is the most frequent choice for this ...