Explore a probability-based forecast for the S&P 500 in 2026, highlighting risks, upside potential, and key tech sector influences.

A guide with examples for learning this key idea in options trading Adam Hayes, Ph.D., CFA, is a financial writer with 15+ years Wall Street experience as a derivatives trader. Besides his extensive ...

Learn how prior probability informs economic theory and decision-making in Bayesian statistics. Understand its role before collecting new data.

Numbers and sports go hand in hand. Watch any live broadcast and you will see and hear commentators and pundits talking about ...

The relative frequency definition of probability says: If an experiment is repeated, the probability of an event (a specified outcome of the experiment) is the relative frequency of occurrence of that ...

“Based on their training data, they just model the probability that a given token, or word, will follow a set of tokens that have already been generated. The more data that is available in a given ...

Billionaire Elon Musk shared his thoughts on simulation theory. He believes there is a high chance our reality is a computer simulation. Musk pointed to the rapid advancement of video games and AI. He ...

Abstract: This paper provides a probabilistic analysis of simple detection systems which are based on thresholding feature values extracted from a sensor signal. For such systems, this paper explains ...

Abstract: This article focuses on the event-triggered sliding mode control for interval type-2 (IT2) fuzzy systems subject to the randomly occurring denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. Under the resource ...